E-learning Bedah FK UNS

INTRODUCTION

The spine is very important to form and support the body can also cover and protect the spinal cord. Based on Merril's Atlas, the spine in adults is composed of 24 vertebrae and is divided into 3 segments based on their location in the body.(1) According to the SRS (Scoliosis Research Society) Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis (JIS) is defined as a scoliosis curvature of the spine of more than 10 degrees that is first diagnosed between the ages of 3 years and 10 years. It is further classified on the basis of the age of the patient at first identification of the deformity as either “juvenile 1” for children between the ages of 3 and 7, or “juvenile 2” between 8 and 10 years.(2)

Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis (JIS) can cause substantial morbidity and may require surgical intervention. Idiopathic scoliosis is extremely rare in infancy and early childhood but has a prevalence of 1% to 2% among children up to age 15.(3) EOS includes an inhomogeneous grouping of patients, because the etiology of the spinal deformity may be idiopathic, associated with underlying systemic syndromes, secondary to a neuromuscular condition, or caused by a structural congenital spinal deformity. The true prevalence of EOS is unknown, although idiopathic EOS accounts for <1% of all scoliosis cases.(4)

Juvenille Scoliosis that occured since 5 years of age or less have much higher chance of having large curve develop, which may lead to cor pulmonale and another pulmonary complications. Scoliosis management is usually regarded as effective when curvature progression has been stopped below a certain limit, although other parameters than progression may play an important role for the individual patient. Surgery should only be considered an option for the patient, when all conservative treatments have failed.(5)

https://mega.nz/#!f4NhjCrT!9GEGqJOFjKWbKJTTATTucSaGk90GG1rSs6JBktVBc0c